Architecture: 8-bit AVR RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
Clock Speed: Typically runs at 16 MHz (can be overclocked depending on your needs)
Flash Memory: 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader)
RAM: 2 KB of SRAM
EEPROM: 1 KB of Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) for non-volatile data storage
I/O Pins: 23 GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins, of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 as analog inputs
Timers: 3 timers, used for time-based operations and generating PWM signals
Serial Communication: Supports UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) for serial communication, used in interfacing with other devices like computers or other microcontrollers
Interfacing: Supports I2C and SPI for communication with peripherals (like sensors, displays, etc.)
Power Supply: Operates on a voltage range of 1.8V to 5.5V, commonly run at 5V or 3.3V for certain applications
Common Applications:
Embedded Systems: Used in a variety of embedded systems for tasks like data processing, control, and automation.
Arduino Projects: One of the key microcontrollers used in the Arduino platform for DIY electronics, robotics, IoT (Internet of Things) devices, and more.
Prototyping: Ideal for rapid prototyping of electronics projects due to its ease of use and compatibility with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment).
Sensor Integration: Interfacing with various sensors (temperature, light, motion, etc.) and controlling actuators like motors, LEDs, etc.
Robotics: Widely used in small robotic systems where a simple and low-cost microcontroller is needed.